Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wireless Technology - Essay Example The distinguished quality is reached due to the use of the new multimedia opportunities, the use of the global roaming and high speed data transfer. 3G technology interacts with IP networks, mobile devices. It has two main standards: CDMA 2000 Ð ¸ UMTS. Fourth generation technology or 4G is significantly improved in comparison with 3G technology. In addition to ten times increased speed, the fourth generation of communication is distinguished by the improved quality of voice communication. The development of 4G technology started in 2000. New frequency ranges increased the data transfer index. It is essential to note that batch communication and channel communication are used for 3G technology while 4G uses only batch data processing (Zheng et al 2009). Speaking about business in the sphere of communications it is essential to mention that many communication companies use WiMAX technology to provide high speed connection services. They have several reasons for that. First, the 802.16 technologies allow to not only to provide the access to network for new clients but to widen the spectrum of services and occupy new hard-to-reach (Cheng, 2001). Secondly, wireless technologies is more simple in usage that traditional wire channels. WiMAX technologies are easy in deflation and easy to scale. This factor appears to be very useful, when it is necessary to deflate large network as soon as possible. For example, WiMAX was used to provide the access to the network to the survivors in tsunami in December 2004 in Indonesia. All the communicative infrastructure of the region was destroyed and quick restoration of the communicative services was needed for the whole region. The advantages of WiMAX allow to decrease prices for high speed Internet access services for business structures and private individuals. When 4G technology became known in the United States in 2009, there were no devices, which could be called 4G specifically. Moreover, the technology,

Elliot Company Essay Example for Free

Elliot Company Essay The Elliot Company was established in the early 1950’s and has been a profitable greeting card company. It had always been a pioneer in developing creative means to attract its target group, in spite of which the group’s market share has been limited to merely 4% in the industry. Industry leader Hallmark has the lion’s share of about 41%, American Greetings about 30%, followed by over 300 companies, including   Elliot Company that account for the remaining share. Technological advancements in the telephone industry and the advent of the internet have pushed most greeting card companies against a wall, with flat sales, diminishing margins and a threat of decimation. The way forward is to identify means of generating sales by entering newer markets and the company has identified two markets that remain unexplored for Elliot Company American Hispanic market Overseas English speaking market Problem Statement Elliot Company had never ventured into unchartered territories, and finds both these markets intricate. The American Hispanic market is unique and has different sensitivities than the dominant white and black market that Elliot Company has been catering to. Meeting the needs of the overseas market is even more complicated as the company would need to study several cultures and meet their respective needs. Marketing the product to both these unique markets is the challenge that Elliot Company faces, for which a solution is required. The company cannot enter both the markets at once, and hence an ideal market should be identified that would suit the interests of the company. There are about 30 million Hispanics in America, who predominantly come from Mexico, Cuba and other Spanish dominated countries. The interesting facts about this population are: The Hispanic population has the highest growing population in the country with almost 40% of population growth between the years 1985 to 2010, coming from this community. The Hispanic population can be broadly divided into three groups, the native Spanish people who speak and follow Spanish culture alone; the assimilated Spanish, who cannot be distinguished from the Americans; and the Accultured Spanish, who are about 57% of the Hispanic population. (Arjona, Shah, Tinivelli Weiss, 1998) The Hispanic community prefer significant influence of their culture in the marketing process, even if the communication occurred in English. Price conscious audience that chooses price over value Just like the Hispanic community, the overseas market has different sensitivities that make it an equally tough opportunity to expand into. Also, there are certain problems the company faces when entering these markets, which are listed below. Existence of multiple cultures in each country Semantic barriers that can prevent communication as anticipated Cultural perceptions about greeting cards, as customers in some countries prefer customized and hand written communication to pre-printed cards. Huge costs of research development, product and distribution.   List of Critical factors The management if Elliot Company is apprehensive with both the solutions provided by the consultants, as each of them has their own concerns, which are listed above. A study shows that more than eighty percent of greeting cards customers, the world over are women. Hence, whichever strategy adopted by Elliot Company, would need to target the women predominantly. Which group of women, overseas women or Hispanic American women, can be targeted easily is one critical factor of success.   While venturing into foreign markets like UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand would be good option for the penetration of the company into newer markets, it would expose the company to the competition of each market. While Canada is a market that Elliot Company should find easy to understand with its proximity to the American culture, each of the other markets is complex in their own ways. Hallmark has already made preparations to launch Spanish greeting cards by including several Spanglish messages (The Washington Times, 2002), and would aggressively market its brand when compared to Elliot Company. Hence, which market is less competitive and can easily be penetrated becomes the second critical factor. The third critical factor is the consumer’s buying behavior in both these markets. Hispanic customers have a buying behavior that is strongly influenced by culture and cultural cues, which include importance for family, formality and status. (Haegele, 2000 in Lynn Brandon, Judith C. Forney, 2002) The above three factors can contribute greatly to the success of Elliot greeting cards in this target group, the company can focus the marketing strategy on how to express emotions to its family, how to upkeep formalities and use greeting cards as a status symbol for greeting someone. On the contrary, some of the overseas markets are less liberal and more demanding. The culture of Australia and New Zealand is strongly influenced from the English, and the English culture finds it more appropriate to send a personalized letter than a pre-designed and pre-printed greeting card. The success of the company is dependent on how well it breaks this cultural barrier. Recommended Solution In spite of the advantages of a larger market that the company can cater to when it reaches out to the overseas market, it is recommended that Elliot Company focus on reaching out to the Hispanic American community, by offering customized greeting cards. Justification The biggest factor that justifies the above recommendation is the huge costs involved in establishing a brand and a business overseas, in multiple markets. To reach out to the overseas English market also would require significant investments in research about respective cultures, making the cost of research irrelevant for the decision making process for either decisions. A third of the Hispanic community would identify themselves with the rest of the Americans, and no special campaigns need to be done for them. However, the accultured Hispanics and the native Spanish speakers prefer a brand that they can identify with their ethnic group, to a business that seems very un-ethnic. (Dyer Ross, 2000) Elliot Company should reach to the Hispanic community with a brand that they can identify with, design greeting cards based on their preferences and deliver the same as per their needs. Mere translations from the exhaustive designs that Elliot owns might not be as helpful, as designing cards that meet the needs of the Hispanic customers. References Luis D. Arjona, Rajesh Shah, Alejandro Tinivelli Adam Weiss (1998) Marketing to the Hispanic Consumer,   Journal Title: The McKinsey Quarterly. Volume: 1. Issue: 3. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 106+ Lynn Brandon, Judith C. Forney (2002), Influences on Female Purchase Motivations and Product Satisfaction: a Comparison of Casual and Formal Lifestyles and Anglo and Hispanic Ethnicity, Journal Title: Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences. Volume: 94. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 54+ Linda M. Dyer, Christopher A. Ross (2000), Ethnic Enterprises and Their Clientele, Journal Title: Journal of Small Business Management. Volume: 38. Issue: 2, Page Number: 48 Spanglish Speakers Mix Home Languages; Popular Trend Seen as Obstacle. Newspaper Title: The Washington Times. Publication Date: November 21, 2002. Page Number: A01

Outgoing Travel Organization Business Plan Essay -- business plan, tra

Outgoing travel is an organisation based on the idea of fun and freedom. If you are part of a society, club, international society or just a group of friends, they make it easy to organise life changing trips to destinations and events throughout the UK & Europe. They organise day trips, weekend breaks, events and festivals and many other exciting ventures for anyone with a sense of excitement and fun. Where is the company located? The address of a local outgoing travel organisation is located below: 25 Brunswick Rd Manchester, Greater Manchester, M20 4QB Tel: 0161 610 2000 The company’s main objectives. The company aims to have anybody come along to the organisation, however I would say that their target market, or at least the one the organisation appeals most to is that of students at colleges and universities. The main functions of an organisation are 1. Sales (this involves the distribution of goods and provided by the organisation) 2. Purchasing (this involves a consumer buying the product) 3. Finance (this involves managing the money that flows in and out of the company) 4. Operations (this involves carrying out the main business of the organisation) The main objectives of the organisation are to organise the most prestigious events for young people to enjoy and to help people have something to look forward to before or after they finish college or university. They have ranges of packages which suit even the most discerning of people and they cater to everybody’s needs. As well as that, the company has an objective to make a profit. If the company profits from the events and selling their ideas through marketing, then one of their main objectives have been fulfilled. Also their objective is to pro... ... It helps to give the organisation a clear idea of what sort of person to focus their marketing activities on. It may, for example, be possible to group customers according to geographic area or to target their own promotional and sales efforts more precisely. With this database, the company is also able to communicate successfully with their customers by identifying similar groups of customers to target by a particular method; such as by telephone, direct mail, email or face to face. The company has the choice to reward regular, profitable customers with targeted special offers, and to target customers from whom they haven't had business in the past. CRM also helps the company to measure the effectiveness of their marketing activities so that they don't waste time and money on customers who aren't responding to the promotional campaigns that the company provides.

Assignment on the Contribution of Charles Babbage, Adam Smith and Robert Owen in the Field of Management Essay

Contribution of Charles Babbage in the field of Management Charles Babbage (1792–1871) is known as the patron saint of operations research and management science. Babbage’s scientific inventions included a mechanical calculator (his â€Å"difference engine†), a versatile computer (his â€Å"analytical engine†), and a punch-card machine. Babbage’s most successful book, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers, published in 1832, described the tools and machinery used in English factories. It discussed the economic principles of manufacturing, and analyzed the operations; the skills used and suggested improved practices. He showed that reducing the tasks of manufacturing to their simplest activities increases the numbers of people who can do them and, thus, reduces the average wage which needs to be paid. According to him, a work should be divided into mental and physical efforts and a worker should be paid a bonus in proportion to his own efficiency and success of the business. Babbage emphasized the importance of division of labor, indicating that greater profit could be made by specializing. Babbage also emphasized the importance of balance in processes and the principle of optimum size of the manufacturing unit for each class of product. Contribution of Robert  Owen  in the field of Management Robert Owen (1771–1858) was a successful Scottish entrepreneur and a utopian socialist who sowed the first seeds of concern for the workers. He was repulsed by the working conditions and poor treatment of the workers in the factories across Scotland. Owen became a reformer. At New Larnark, in his factory he was trying to make different approaches to the workers. He reduced the use of child labor and used moral persuasion rather than corporal punishment in his factories. He chided his fellow factory owners for treating their equipment better than they treated their workers. In 1813 he proposed a factory bill to prohibit employment of children under the age of ten and to limit hours for all children to 103/4 hours per day with no night work. The bill became law six years later, but was limited to cotton mills, reduced the age limit to nine, and included no provision for inspections; therefore, the law had little impact. Owen was totally devoted to management as a profession. Under his direction, houses and streets were built, the minimum working age for children was raised, working hours were decreased, meal facilities were provided, schooling were introduced, and evening recreation centers were opened to meet the problem of leisure. He is the father of modern Personnel Management. Contribution of Adam  Smith  in the field of Management Adam Smith (1723–1790) was a Scottish political economist. His Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, established the â€Å"classical school† and with its publication, he became the father of â€Å"liberal economics. † Smith argued that market and competition should be the regulators of economic activity and that tariff policies were destructive. The specialization of labor was the mainstay of Smith’s market system. According to Smith, division of labor provided managers with the greatest opportunity for increased productivity. He gives three reasons for the increased output due to the division of labor: a) to the increased dexterity in every particular workman b) to the saving of time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another c) to the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labor, and enable one man to do the work of many. His idea about the division of labor is fundamental to modern work simplification and time study, and extends also into such areas as production simplification.

The Purpose of Higher Education

The Purpose of Higher Education Higher education is important because it aids students into finding self-awareness. Self-awareness is especially important because when people have a better understanding of themselves, they are often encouraged to build on their areas of strength, as well as identifying the areas that could use improvement. Self-awareness often leads to setting goals. Setting goals can lead to success. In other words, higher education is very beneficial and helps lead to success.Education will positively affect most, if not all areas of your life. The purpose of higher education is to prepare students for a more successful future, to allow students to have more opportunities in life through a liberal education, and to instruct students on how to think more critically. What is self-awareness and why should I care? Self-awareness is the ability to perceive your own personality, feelings, character, strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, motivations etc. Why should you care ab out being self-aware?Self-awareness is beneficial, and the words of Brett Blumenthal, a former college student and a bestselling author who has been featured in The New York Times, â€Å"It makes us better people. † Blumenthal lists reasons why self-awareness is important, including increased empathy, admission, acceptance, tolerance level, humility, and likeability. {sheerbalance. com} These traits will not only help you gain success in education and careers, but also aid in being a better person in general. Self-awareness is more often than not taught through higher education.Higher education prepares students for a successful future. Ultimately, success is achieving popularity, profit, or uniqueness. In other words, being successful means that you are content with your life choices. If you are not content with your life choices, then you are usually not as happy as you could potentially be. Success is most likely featured on any motivated person’s list of goals. Pre paration for a more successful future is an ideal purpose of higher education. Without that preparation, students lack the knowledge of knowing what steps to take next in their life.Having a higher liberal education opens individuals up to more opportunities in their life. According to The Association of American Colleges and Universities, the leading national association concerned with the quality, vitality, and public standing of undergraduate liberal education, a liberal education is â€Å"an approach to learning that empowers individuals and prepares them to deal with complexity, diversity, and change. It provides students with broad knowledge of the wider world (e. g. cience, culture, and society) as well as in-depth study in a specific area of interest. A liberal education helps students develop a sense of social responsibility, as well as strong and transferable intellectual and practical skills such as communication, analytical and problem-solving skills, and a demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills in real-world settings. † {The Association of American Colleges and Universities, AAC&U} Some jobs even require that all considered applicants have at least an associate’s degree.Another great purpose for higher education is obtaining a liberal education. â€Å"Those more educated now tend to be significantly less religious; those more religious tend to be significantly less educated,† says Os Guinness in Fit Bodies Fat Minds. On the contrary, the more educated tend to have broader minds, where as the more religious tend to have closed minds. It is not a matter of who has more or less education, but a matter of who has the ability to be able to think critically.Critical thinking is mandatory in receiving an education. â€Å"Critical thinking is the ability to apply reasoning and logic to new or unfamiliar ideas, opinions, and situations. † {wisegeek. org} In other words, critical thinking is abstract thinking. Why is that important? Critical thinking is important because it creates a higher level of analysis and concentration. When someone is critically thinking, they are more engaged and focused than someone who is not critically thinking.Critically thinking enables broad thinking and avoids sticking to obvious explanations or reasoning. Conclusively, critical thinking is respected and looked up to by many individuals for different reasons, making learning this trait a purpose for higher education. The purpose of higher education varies for everybody. Sometimes people get a higher education for more opportunities, for the sake of self-improvement, or because they are interested in learning and excelling in a specific profession.These three purposes are some of the most important because they do not only affect you in the classroom, but they also benefit you at home, work, or while collaborating with others. Some of the most important purposes of higher education is to prepare students for a mor e successful future, to allow students to have more opportunities in life through a liberal education, and to instruct students on how to think more critically. Higher education should be considered essential to all.

Theories Of Patriarchy Essays - Gender Studies, Feminist Theory

Theories Of Patriarchy Essays - Gender Studies, Feminist Theory Theories Of Patriarchy This is an A grade essay Assess the claim that gender inequalities in the domestic and occupational divisions of labour are best understood with reference to the concept of patriarchy. You should illustrate your answer with reference to a range of feminist perspectives. Introduction Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the womens subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the womens movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities - in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the contradiction between this principle of equality and the demonstrable inequalities between the sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to move beyond the irrepressible evidence for gender inequality and the division of labour. Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Feminist Theory and Patriarchy Although patriarchy is arguably the oldest example of a forced or exploitative division of social activities and clearly existed before it was ever examined by sociologists, the features of patriarchy had been accepted as natural (biological) in substance. It was not until feminists in the 1960s began to explore the features and institutions of patriarchy, that the power of the concept to explain womens subordinate position in society was proven (Seidman, 1994) . The feminist engagement with theories of patriarchy criticised pre-existing theoretical positions and their ideological use, tracing theoretical progenitors of popular views about gender, gender roles etc (Cooper, 1995; Raymond, 1980). Developing theories to explain how gender inequalities have their roots in ideologies of gender difference and a hierarchical gender order, feminist theoretical concepts of patriarchy are able to explain and challenge gender inequality and the gendered division of labour in the private and social spheres (Seidman, 1994). They have done this by challenging concepts of gender, the family and the unequal division of labour underpinned by a theory of patriarchy that has come to reveal how it operates to subordinate women and privilege men, often at womens expense. Patriarchy, Structure and Gender Inequality Walby (1990) reveals how patriarchy operates to achieve and maintain the gender inequalities essential for the subordination of women. Crucially for this essay, she shows how it can operate differently in the private and public domain but toward the same end. She identifies patriarchy as having diverse forms of and relationships between its structures in the public and private spheres, and yet still operates in a related fashion. Walbys explanation sees the household and household production as being a key site of womens subordination but acknowledges that the domestic area is not the only one that women participate in. She shows how the concept of patriarchy is useful in explaining the relationship between womens subordination in the private and public arenas by showing that they work equally to achieve this subordination as well as supporting, reflecting and maintaining patriarchy itself. Firstly, Walby points out that the structures of patriarchy differ in their form. The household has a different structure to other institutional forms, e.g., the workplace. This is an important point because if feminist theories of patriarchy are to stand they must show that patriarchy operates to the same end in both the private and public sphere, even if it uses different strategies, otherwise it could not be the main reason for the continuing inequality of women in both the private and public sphere. Walby shows that within

Wordiness and Redundancy in ACT English Tips and Practice

Wordiness and Redundancy in ACT English Tips and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT English tests you on a number of specific grammar rules. Being able to understand and apply these rules will help you maximize your ACT English score. Besides knowing specific grammar rules, there are some general strategies to keep in mind that will help you correctly answer more questions. One of these tips is that the ACT prefers shorter sentences. Wordiness and redundancy are common errors on the ACT English section. The goal for each sentence is to express the same information in the shortest grammatically correct way. In this post, I'll do the following: Explain wordiness. Explain redundancy. Show how wordiness and redundancy are tested on the ACT. Provide actual ACT examples. Give practice problems to test you on what you've learned. Wordiness on ACT English On the ACT, wordiness is a grammatical error in which extra words or phrases are added to a sentence unnecessarily. Concise writing is preferable because conciseness makes a sentence more understandable and easier to follow. Wordy sentences can be difficult to navigate and tough to comprehend. On the ACT English section, the shortest grammatically correct answer choice that expresses the same information as the original sentence will be the right answer. Here's an example of a wordy sentence: Allison took me to a party that was a very fun time. This is the corrected version of the sentence: Allison took me to a very fun party. Technically, both sentences are grammatically correct and convey the same information. However, the second sentence is more concise and less wordy. Check out another example of a wordy sentence: I enjoy getting my nourishment by way of fried foods. After we fix the wordiness error, this is what the sentence looks like: I enjoy eating fried foods. Again, the meaning of the sentences is the same, but the second sentence is much more concise and grammatically correct. Check out these tips for correctly answering wordiness questions on the ACT. WordinessStrategy Approach each question with the mindset that shorter = better. When answering ACT English questions, start by looking at the shorter answer choices. Keep in mind that the shorter grammatically correct answer choice must also express the same relevant information for it to be the right answer. Plug your answer back into the original sentence to make sure that your answer is grammatically correct and expresses the same information. Use these tips to answer the following examples taken from actual ACT English sections. Actual ACT English Examples Choose the correct answer for this wordiness question from a real ACT. He then wrote an enthusiastic article for Strand Magazine, being the place in which most of his Sherlock Holmes stories had first appeared, and later wrote a book on the subject titled The Coming of the Fairies. A. NO CHANGEB. in which the magazine where C. in which D. being where Explanation:Even if the original sentence seems correct to you, remember our rule that shorter is better. Start with the shortest answer choice. That would be answer choice C. Plug it back into the original sentence. The sentence is still grammatically correct and all of the relevant info is still there. The phrase â€Å"being the place† is unnecessary. The answer is C. Try your luck at another actual ACT wordiness question. She worked for thirty years as a teacher and librarian in the field of education in Baltimore public schools. Which of the following words or phrases from the preceding sentence is LEAST necessary and could therefore be deleted? F. thirty G. and librarian H. in the field of education J. Baltimore public Explanation: In this type of question, you have to pick which word/phrase can be deleted without getting rid of any information. Go through the answer choices and see if the information in the answer choice can be obtained elsewhere in the sentence. So answer choice F isn’t correct because if we got rid of â€Å"thirty†, we would have no way of knowing that she worked for thirty years. The answer is H. If we got rid of â€Å"in the field of education," we would still know that she worked in the field of education because she worked in Baltimore public schools. Therefore, the phrase â€Å"in the field of education† is unnecessary. Baltimore downtown Are you figuring out how to solve these wordiness questions? Here's a final one for you to try. Over many weeks, as time goes by, her collection slowly grows: clay bowls, cups, vases, and sculptures fill the studio. A. NO CHANGE B. with the passing of time, C. gradually, D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Again, let’s start with the shortest answer. That would be answer choice D, omitting the underlined portion.Is the sentence still grammatically correct? Does it have the same meaning if we omit â€Å"as time goes by?" Yes!! The underlined phrase is unnecessary because â€Å"over many weeks† implies â€Å"as time goes by over many weeks†. Therefore, the underlined phrase is superfluous and the answer is D. Another error which can be corrected by implementing our shorter is better rule is redundancy. Redundancy on the ACT Redundancy questions on the ACT English section are fairly common. If a word or phrase is redundant, it is unnecessary and can be eliminated without altering the meaning of the sentence. On the ACT, redundancy tends to be presented in two ways. The first way is that two synonyms will be used to describe something when only one of the words is necessary. Here is an example: Justin is a very friendly and amicable guy. Because "friendly" and "amicable" are synonyms, we can shorten the sentence by getting rid of one of the adjectives that describes Justin. The second way that a redundancy error is presented on the SAT is that a phrase will be added that is implied by another word or phrase in the sentence. Take a look at the following example: This article contains pertinent information that offers relevant facts for doing well in ACT English. The words "pertinent" and "relevant" are synonyms. The phrase "that offers relevant facts" doesn't add any new information to the sentence; therefore, it can be eliminated. This is the corrected version of the sentence: This article contains pertinent information for doing well in ACT English. Does that make sense? The sentence is shorter, grammatically correct, and it expresses the same information. Here are some tips to help you solve redundancy questions on the ACT. RedundancyStrategy Look at the shortest answer choices first. Plug the shortest answer choice back into the original sentence. If the sentence maintains its meaning and is grammatically correct, that's the right answer. Make sure that two synonyms aren't being used to describe the same thing. Verify that the information in the underlined phrase is not implied elsewhere in the sentence. Use these tips to answer the following redundancy questions taken from real ACTs. Actual ACT English Examples Try to figure out this redundancy question from a real ACT. I think maybe I might possibly have met them all. F. NO CHANGE G. perhaps I've H. I've possibly J. I've Explanation: Well, the underlined phrase indicates that we’re probably dealing with a redundancy question. The words â€Å"might† and â€Å"possibly† are synonyms, so we don’t need both of them. Let’s look at the shortest answer choice. That's J. â€Å"I’ve† is just the contraction for â€Å"I have† so the only change to the sentence is getting rid of â€Å"might possibly." Will the meaning of the sentence change? No. The word â€Å"maybe† indicates that I â€Å"might possibly† have met them. Therefore, â€Å"might possibly† is redundant and the answer is J. Does that make sense? Try another one. Today, Smith's repertoire is so vast that she could speak consecutively for twelve hours straight without running out of material. A. NO CHANGE B. continuously nonstop C. perpetually D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Based on the context of the sentence, â€Å"consecutively† means without stopping. Can that information be gathered elsewhere in the sentence? Yes. The phrase â€Å"for twelve hours straight† means that she could speak for twelve hours without stopping. Therefore, â€Å"consecutively† is unnecessary. Now, let’s look at D, the shortest answer choice. Will the sentence still be grammatically correct if we get rid of â€Å"consecutively†? Yes. The answer is D. Madonna wants you to have one more chance to correctly answer a redundancy question. And just for good measure, here's one final example of a redundancy question. He also began to calculate annual tables of yearly sets of astronomical data, which became the basis for almanacs published under his name from 1792 through 1797. A. NO CHANGE B. covering a year's worth C. about twelve months D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Can the information in the underlined phrase be obtained elsewhere in the sentence? Yes. The word â€Å"annual† means yearly. If there were annual tables of astronomical data, then we already know that there were yearly sets. Therefore, the phrase is unnecessary. The shortest answer choice is D. Will the sentence be grammatically correct if we omit the underlined portion? Yes. The answer is D. These questions aren't overly complicated, but you can easily miss a redundancy question if you don't read each sentence carefully. Make sure to follow the strategies I gave you for redundancy questions. Here are some general guidelines to help you correctly answer both wordiness and redundancy questions. General ACT English Strategies for Wordiness and Redundancy #1: Shorter is Better If the shortest answer choice maintains the meaning of the original sentence and is grammatically correct, then the shortest answer choice will be the right answer. Make sure that the shortest answer choice is still grammatically correct and expresses the same information as the original sentence. #2: Plug in the Shortest Answer Choice First Because shorter is better, determine whether the shortest answer choice is appropriate for the sentence. If a more concise answer choice maintains the meaning of the original sentence and is grammatically correct, then that is the right answer. #3: Determine Whether the Underlined Word/Phrase is Necessary If the information in the underlined word or phrase can be gathered from other words or phrases in the sentence, then the underlined word or phrase is redundant and should be omitted. I've created some realistic practice problems to test your knowledge of wordiness and redundancy on the ACT. Additional ACT English Practice Questions 1. Lauren was spending so many hours at her job at the zoo that her leisure time was minimal and not abundant at all. A. NO CHANGE B. minimal and not abundant. C. at a minimum. D. minimal. 2. In the next two weeks of time in the future, Tarica will be receiving a check for the legal work she performed for her client. A. NO CHANGE B. In the next two weeks of time in the future; C. In the next two weeks, D. OMIT the underlined portion 3. The teacher became increasingly frustrated with the rowdy student who acted in a wild, disorderly manner. A. NO CHANGE B. who acted wildly. C. whom acted wildly. D. OMIT the underlined portion 4. George, after thirty years of work in the automotive industry, was thoroughly overjoyed to retire and no longer go to his job. A. NO CHANGE B. and no longer have to work. C. but no longer have to go to his job. D. OMIT the underlined portion Answers: 1. D, 2. C, 3. D, 4. D What's Next? To get a general overview of all the grammar rules covered on the ACT English section, read this article about grammar for the ACT. If you would like to learn about another frequently tested grammar issue on the ACT, check out this post about faulty modifiers. Also, as you continue preparing for the ACT, I highly recommend that you investigate the best ACT prep websites. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: